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教程
教程按步骤介绍了 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 针对各种应用的使用方法，并提供特定应用的设置、初始化和求解流程步骤。大部分案例都提供了可下载的宏和模拟文件。
固体应力
本节教程介绍了用于计算固体区域的变形、应变和应力的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能。同时显示此类计算如何与流体结构相互作用的分析内的流体行为耦合。
Conjugate Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress: Exhaust Manifold
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to combine the advantages of the finite volume (FV) and the finite element (FE) methods together in the same simulation.
Defining Boundary Conditions for Conjugate Heat Transfer
Define the boundary conditions for CHT analysis. For the fluid structure interface, you specify the coupling specification between the fluid and the manifold. For the fluid, you define the mass flow rate at the inlets and the temperature of the gas at the inlets and outlet. For the external surfaces of the solid, you use a convection boundary condition. For the manifold plate that in reality is mounted on the engine, you specify a fixed temperature.

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教程
教程按步骤介绍了 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 针对各种应用的使用方法，并提供特定应用的设置、初始化和求解流程步骤。大部分案例都提供了可下载的宏和模拟文件。
- 使用教程的宏和文件
  支持中心网站提供各种教程的宏、输入文件和最后模拟文件的可选下载包。这些宏和最终模拟文件是书面教程的辅助，因此您可以根据下载文件或使用宏构建并运行的模拟来检查最终结果。
- 简介
  欢迎使用 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 入门教程。在此教程中，您可以探究重要的概念和工作流程。在学习其他资料之前，应先完成此教程。
- 基础教程
  基础教程以一系列简短的教程，介绍了 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 的主要功能。
- 几何
  本节教程介绍了可创建和处理零部件与 3D-CAD 的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能。
- 网格
  本节教程介绍了用于构建 CFD 网格的各种 STAR-CCM+ 功能。
- 不可压缩流
  本节教程介绍了用于不可压缩流体流动以及孔隙率和求解录制的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能
- 可压缩流
  本节教程介绍了用于可压缩流体流以及谐波平衡的各种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能。
- 热传递和辐射
  本节教程介绍了适用于热传递、辐射和热舒适性的各种Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能。
- 多相流体
  本节教程介绍了用于模拟多相流体问题的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能
- 离散元方法
  本节教程介绍了用于模拟离散元方法问题的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能
- 运动
  本节教程介绍了在模拟涉及移动几何和网格、动态流体相互作用以及刚体运动的问题时可以使用的各种 STAR-CCM+ 功能：
- 反应流体
  本节教程介绍用于模拟反应流体（例如燃烧）的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能。
- 固体应力
  本节教程介绍了用于计算固体区域的变形、应变和应力的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能。同时显示此类计算如何与流体结构相互作用的分析内的流体行为耦合。
  - 线性应力分析：悬臂梁
    此教程演示　Simcenter STAR-CCM+　线性有限元 (FE) 结构分析的基本概念和工作流。
  - 平面应力：拉伸力场内带圆孔的板
    此教程演示如何在 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 中创建线性弹性有限元 (FE) 应力分析。
  - 使用自适应时间步的超弹性应力分析：三叶心脏瓣膜
    三叶瓣膜是通过柔性叶瓣变形实现打开和关闭的心脏瓣膜假体 [reflink]。由于瓣膜操作所依赖的弹性冲跳具有不稳定性，因此成功模拟瓣膜打开事件具有挑战性。Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 提供动态时间步控制，有助于成功实现模拟。
  - 正则模态求解器：风轮机叶片
    在固体力学中，正则模态描述固体在一组固定频率（称为体的固有（或共振）频率）下的振荡运动。
  - Conjugate Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress: Exhaust Manifold
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to combine the advantages of the finite volume (FV) and the finite element (FE) methods together in the same simulation.
    - 前提条件
      本教程中的操作说明适用于已熟悉 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 的某些操作方法的用户。
    - Importing the Manifold Geometry
      In this tutorial, you are provided with a CAD model of the solid manifold. From this CAD model, you create a geometry part for the manifold and extract the geometry parts that represent the fluid volume.
    - Extracting the Fluid Geometry
      To create a geometry part for the fluid, you use operations that extract the internal fluid volume from the solid manifold geometry.
    - Defining Mesh Operations
      Complete the operations pipeline by adding mesh operations. In this tutorial, you generate a polyhedral mesh for the fluid and a tetrahedral mesh for the solid. To speed up convergence of the flow solution and prevent reversed flow at the outlet, you also extrude the fluid mesh at the outlet.
    - Creating Regions, Boundaries, and Interfaces
      This simulation requires two regions, one for the solid manifold and one for the fluid. The two regions exchange thermal data at a fluid-solid interface. The fluid region contains an internal interface between the fluid inside the manifold and the fluid extrusion at the outlet.
    - Generating the Mesh
      To generate the volume mesh for the fluid and the solid, you execute the mesh operations in the operations pipeline.
    - Selecting the Physics Models and Materials
      This simulation requires two physics continua—one for the gas region and one for the manifold region. In the fluid and solid regions you solve for conjugate heat transfer using the finite volume Segregated Fluid Temperature model and the Finite Element Solid Energy model, respectively. In the solid region, you also solve for thermal expansion in response to the temperature change.
    - Defining Boundary Conditions for Conjugate Heat Transfer
      Define the boundary conditions for CHT analysis. For the fluid structure interface, you specify the coupling specification between the fluid and the manifold. For the fluid, you define the mass flow rate at the inlets and the temperature of the gas at the inlets and outlet. For the external surfaces of the solid, you use a convection boundary condition. For the manifold plate that in reality is mounted on the engine, you specify a fixed temperature.
    - Constraining the Solid Part
      When constraining a part for thermal-structural analysis, it is important to avoid constraints that are too restrictive and lead to unrealistic stress concentrations. In this simulation, you constrain three mutually orthogonal surfaces on the manifold, thus preventing displacement in the direction normal to surfaces. This set of constraints prevents rigid body motion while allowing free expansion of the solid structure.
    - Preparing for Post-Processing
      For visualization, you create scenes that display the temperature distribution throughout the gas and the manifold, and the deformation and stress on the manifold due to the temperature changes. To assess convergence, you monitor the heat flux at the CHT interface.
    - Running the Simulation
      As you are seeking the steady-state solution in the fluid and the solid, it is both convenient and valid to initially solve for the fluid flow, then for conjugate heat transfer, and finally solve for the solid displacement while holding the thermal field fixed.
    - 总结
      本教程介绍如何设置考虑固体热膨胀的共轭传热 (CHT) 模拟。
  - 来自映射温度数据的热应力：排气岐管
    本教程介绍了如何在 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 中进行热应力分析。
  - 流体结构相互作用：振动管
    本教程演示如何在 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 中设置流体结构相互作用 (FSI) 问题。
  - 已预先指定固体运动的 FSI：扑动机翼
    在 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 中，对于运动路径由多个叠加运动描述的系统，可以分析它们的双向耦合流体结构相互作用。
  - FSI 和 6 自由度运动：船舶螺旋桨的应力分析
    在流体结构相互作用模拟中，可定义固体结构与 6 自由度体的相对运动。典型应用是分析连接到船舶的螺旋桨上的机械应力。
  - 具有打开和关闭流道的 FSI：隔膜阀
    对于橡胶等超弹性非线性材料变形，Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 提供了执行具有打开和关闭流道的双向耦合流体-结构交互 (FSI) 模拟的功能。此功能可辅助（但不限于）一系列行业中使用的密封件、阀门和垫圈的设计。
  - FSI 网格重构和网格化几何部件接触：橡胶套筒
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 可用于在模拟中对可变形结构和几何部件网格化表面之间的机械接触进行建模。这有助于模拟弹性固体与刚性障碍之间的相互作用，而无需对障碍进行显式建模。
- 气动声学
  本节教程介绍了 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 中用于求解气动声学模拟的各种功能。
- 电磁
  以下教程介绍的功能用于求解涉及到电磁场的问题。
- 电化学
  以下教程演示了电流诱导的化学反应。
- 电池
  本节教程介绍用于设置电池模型的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能：
- 自动化
  本节教程介绍了多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 自动化和宏功能。
- 设计探索
  本系列教程介绍了用于在Design Manager中运行设计探索研究的各种功能。
- 与 CAE 程序耦合
  本节教程介绍用于与 CAE 程序耦合的多种 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 功能：
- 分析方法
  本节教程介绍了 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 中用于分析和可视化模拟数据的各种功能。
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
  本套教程介绍了使用专用加载项 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder 在 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 中模拟内燃机的功能。

Defining Boundary Conditions for Conjugate Heat Transfer

Define the boundary conditions for CHT analysis. For the fluid structure interface, you specify the coupling specification between the fluid and the manifold. For the fluid, you define the mass flow rate at the inlets and the temperature of the gas at the inlets and outlet. For the external surfaces of the solid, you use a convection boundary condition. For the manifold plate that in reality is mounted on the engine, you specify a fixed temperature.

To define the fluid structure coupling of the interface:

Select the Regions > Manifold > Boundaries > Manifold/Fluid [0] > Physics Conditions > FSI Coupling Specification, and set Option to Uncoupled.

To set the mass flow rate and the temperature of the gas at the inlets:

Edit the Regions > Fluid > Boundaries > Inlets > Physics Values node and set the following properties:


Node	Property	Setting
Mass Flow Rate	Value	0.1 kg/s
Total Temperature	Value	1200 K

Set the temperature at the outlet to match the temperature at the inlets. This setting is relevant only if reversed flow occurs at the outlet:

Select the Boundaries > Outlet > Physics Values node and set Static Temperature to 1200 K.
Expand the Regions > Manifold > Boundaries node.

Edit the External node and set the following properties:


Node	Property	Setting
Physics Conditions
Thermal Specification	Condition	Convection
Physics Values
Ambient Temperature	Value	420 K
Heat Transfer Coefficient	Value	600 W/m^2-K

For the cylinder head, you specify a constant temperature of 440 K. This assumption is realistic, as the temperature of the cylinder head is typically kept under control using a water jacket.

Edit the ToCylinderHead node and set the following properties:


Node	Property	Setting
Physics Conditions
Thermal Specification	Condition	Temperature
Physics Values
Static Temperature	Value	440 K

The remaining boundaries are set to Adiabatic.

Save the simulation.